C++ Programming

Chapter 5 — C++ Arrays & Strings

📚 Chapter Overview

Managing large collections of data is easier with Arrays. In this chapter, you will learn how to store multiple values in a single variable using 1D and 2D Arrays, and how to handle text using C++ Strings.

Learning Objectives:

5.1 One-Dimensional Arrays

Part 1 — Definition

An Array is a collection of items of the same data type stored at contiguous memory locations. Each item is accessed using an Index number, starting from 0. Arrays are useful for storing lists like marks, prices, or coordinates.

Part 2 — Syntax

int marks[5] = {90, 85, 88, 70, 95};
cout << marks[0]; // Access first element

Part 3 — Example

Problem: Calculate the average of 5 numbers entered by the user.

Main.cpp 
int numbers[5], sum = 0;
for(int i=0; i<5; i++) {
    cin >> numbers[i];
    sum += numbers[i];
}
float avg = sum / 5.0;
cout << "Average: " << avg;

Part 4 — Video

Video: Coming Soon

5.2 C++ Strings

Part 1 — Definition

While C uses character arrays, C++ provides a powerful string class in the standard library. Strings are objects that can store text and come with built-in functions for length, concatenation, and comparison.

Part 2 — Syntax

#include <string>
string name = "Intelle Learn";
string fullName = name + " Academy"; // Concatenation

Part 3 — Example

Problem: Take a full name as input (including spaces) and print its length.

Main.cpp 
string name;
cout << "Enter full name: ";
getline(cin, name); // Reads space-separated text
cout << "Length: " << name.length();

Observation: cin >> stops at a space; use getline() to read a whole line of text.

Part 4 — Video

Video: Coming Soon

🏆 Chapter Challenge

Challenge Objective

Build a "Matrix Addition" program using 2D Arrays.

Requirements

Step-by-Step Process

  1. Declare int A[2][2], B[2][2], C[2][2];.
  2. Use nested for loops to take inputs for A and B.
  3. Use another nested loop for C[i][j] = A[i][j] + B[i][j].
  4. Print C using cout << C[i][j] << " ";.

Expected Deliverables

Solve in Compiler